What Is the Connection Between Menopause and Leg Pain?

The Impact of Menopause on the Body 

Changes in hormone levels are typical of menopause, especially the lowering of oestrogen and progesterone. These hormonal changes can affect the body in several ways, influencing a woman’s health. Leg pain could be a result of some of these factors which may be related to menopause, or simply a part of getting older.

Some Causes of Leg Pain During Menopause 

Hormonal Changes

The lowering of oestrogen during menopause may contribute to the development of joint pain. Oestrogen deficiency can lead to inflammation and deterioration of joint structures, potentially contributing to pain and discomfort in the legs.

Osteoporosis

Menopausal women have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis because of lowering oestrogen levels. Osteoporosis weakens bones, which might make them more likely to fracture, and depending on the type of fracture, can lead to long-term pain.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is most common form of arthritis, 47% of women are at risk. Lowering of oestrogen can lead to the cartilage breaking down, which may cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints, of the legs such as in the knees and hips. Postmenopausal women may be at a higher risk of OA compared to men, because of oestrogen deficiency.

Blood flow problems (Venous insufficiency and varicose veins)

Diseases of the veins, such as varicose veins are common. When the veins in the legs don’t function properly, it can cause blood to leak and flow backwards, collecting or pooling in the veins which can cause pain, swelling, and varicose veins. Varicose veins affects as many as 1 in 3 adults, and is more likely in women. About one in fifty people with varicose veins go on to develop chronic venous insufficiency. It is possible that hormonal changes during menopause can aggravate this condition by relaxing the walls of the veins and making the valves more likely to leak, causing leg swelling.

Ways to Manage Leg Pain During Menopause

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

HRT can help strengthen bones by restoring oestrogen levels, which helps to maintain joint health. Studies have shown that HRT may help manage menopausal symptoms, including musculoskeletal pain. However, HRT may not be suitable for all women due to potential side effects and risks. Speak to your doctor about whether HRT is right for you.

Pain relief medicine

Pain relievers such as paracetamol or NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, can help manage leg pain. NSAIDS help by reducing inflammation and providing pain relief. These pain relievers are useful for women with osteoarthritis, and may help after muscle cramps and for joint pain.

Physical Therapy and Exercise

Regular physical activity and targeted exercises can help strengthen muscles, improve joint flexibility, and enhance blood circulation, which may help to alleviate leg pain. Weight bearing and resistance exercises can help protect against weak bones. A physical therapist can design a personalized exercise program to help with specific needs and limitations.

Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients is important in helping prevent osteoporosis. Foods such as dairy products like milk and leafy green vegetables such as kale, can help meet daily calcium requirements. If you have osteoporosis you may consider taking a calcium supplement, in addition to eating calcium rich foods. Getting adequate amounts of sun exposure during summer, provides enough vitamin D requirements. During winter months in the northern hemisphere, a daily vitamin D supplement is recommended.

Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for reducing stress on the joints and preventing leg pain. Weight loss can improve symptoms of osteoarthritis and varicose veins (venous insufficiency).

Compression Stockings

For some women with venous insufficiency or varicose veins, compression stockings may help to ease swelling and discomfort in the legs.

Hot and Cold Therapy

Applying heat or cold packs to the affected areas can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Lifestyle Modifications

Simple lifestyle changes, such as elevating the legs while resting, avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting, and wearing comfortable shoes, can help alleviate leg pain. Staying hydrated and avoiding excessive alcohol and caffeine intake can also benefit overall health and reduce symptoms.

Looking after Yourself During Menopause

Joint pain during menopause is not uncommon, yet often overlooked symptom that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life. There are many ways to relieve leg pain, depending on the cause and symptoms. By maintaining an active, healthy lifestyle during menopause you can reduce the impact of menopause symptoms such as leg pain. 

However if you’re worried about your leg pain or treating it yourself has not relieved your symptoms, you should talk to your doctor.